-Checking for clarity of communication and suitability of language for readership.

-Identifying inconsistences, ambiguities, repetitions and parochialisms.

-Checking for spelling, grammar and punctuation mistakes.

-Making sure the text is organised effectively.

-Ensuring the academic paper/chapter/monograph conforms to the house style of the publisher.

-Checking the references and bibliography are complete and consistent with a specific referencing system.

-Coding structural elements of the document for the typesetter.

Copyediting

Proofreading

-Carrying out the final quality control check before publication.

-Identifying mistakes or inconsistencies in spelling, grammar, use of capital letters and presentation of numbers, dates, quotation marks and dashes.

-Ensuring the design and layout of the document is correct. This may involve checking that headings are the right size and font, paragraphs are indented consistently, page numbers are correct, images correspond to their captions and misleading word breaks are changed.